xii PREFACE
Arabic script

English Symbol

English words having
Similar sounds

ل l light
م m moon
ن n nice
ﻫ ه h health
و w wealth
ى y youth
*  This symbol represents a glottal stop (transliterated medially and finally and not represented in transliteration when initial).

**These sounds have no equivalent sounds in English.

Native speakers of English usually identify them with familiar English sounds in the following manner

H h
s s
d d
z z
t t
q k
***The Arabic sounds represented by the symbols (' &) and the ones mentioned in the previous note are to be learned by imitating the native speakers of Arabic, if one wants to be exact in their pronunciation.
2. Vowels

There are only six vowels in Arabic; three of them are short and the other three are long.  They are symbolized in the following way:

a approximately as in 'bad'
i as in 'bid'
u as in 'pull'
ā as in 'father'
ī as in 'bead'
ū as in 'pool'